View source for Ureteral Stent

'''This is a landscape report on the Ureteral stent market, including key company profiles, products, patents and relevant clinical trails.
''' 

*'''''What is it?''''' A ureteral stent is a specially designed hollow tube, made of a flexible plastic material that is placed in the ureter.

*'''''Need for a ureteral stent:''''' In patients who have, or might have, an obstruction (blockage) of the kidney, an internal drainage tube called a ‘stent’ is commonly placed in the ureter, the tube between the kidney and the bladder. This is placed there in order to prevent or temporarily relieve the obstruction.

==Background==
[[Image:Ureteral_Stent.png|thumb|200px|<center>[http://www.pnnmedical.com/urology/professionals/products/memokath%E2%84%A2-051-ureter.aspx '''Ureteric Stent''']</center>]]

Ureteral stents are used in urological surgery to maintain patency of the ureter to allow urine drainage from the renal pelvis to the bladder. These devices can be placed by a number of different endourological techniques. They are typically inserted through a cystoscope and may also be inserted intraoperatively. Indwelling ureteral stents help to reduce complications and morbidity subsequent to urological and surgical procedures. Frequently, ureteral stents are used 
to facilitate drainage in conjunction with Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) and after endoscopic procedures. They are also used to internally support anastomoses and prevent urine leakage after surgery. Ureteral stenting may almost eliminate the urological complications of renal transplantation.
An antimicrobial ureteral stent, which inhibits encrustation and bacterial colonization while maintaining patient comfort.
* Ureteral stent: resists migration, resists fragmentation, is kink resistant and radiopaque.
* Bacterial colonization: antimicrobial activity for up to two weeks.
* Patient Comfort: stent has a low coefficient of friction (value) for ease of insertion and will soften on implant at body temperature to maintain patient comfort.

'''[[more on background...]]'''

=Market Overview=

Market for ureteral stent can be analyzed by estimating market for each of Ureteral Stent’s fundamental use. Other uses of Ureteral Stent include Post-surgical swelling/infection of uterus, Active kidney infection etc.

'''[[more on market overview...]]'''

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{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"

|<mm>[[Ureteral_Stent_Patent_Categorization.mm|flash|Patent Categorization|600pt]]</mm>

|}

=Patents=


==Patent Search Strategy==
[[Image:Patent Search Strategy.jpg|700px]]



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= Clinical Trials =

==New trials ==

{|border "1" style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"|<center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No. '''</font></center>
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Title '''</font></center>
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"|<center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Conditions '''</font></center>
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Intervention: Device'''</font></center>
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Sponsors and Collaborators '''</font></center>
|-
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>1</center>
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00250406?term=ureteral+stent&rank=1 Assessment of Drug-Eluting Ureteral Stent on Bacterial Adherence and Biofilm Formation]
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|Renal Calculi, Ureteral Obstruction
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Ureteral Stent
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Lawson Health Research Institute, Boston Scientific Corporation 
|-
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>2</center>
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00270504?term=urethral+stent&rank=1 Memokath® 044TW Stent for Treatment of Urethral Stricture]
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Urethral Stricture
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Memokath stenting
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Engineers & Doctors Wallsten Medical Group 
|-
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>3</center>
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00581178?term=urologic+stent&rank=3 Study to Determine if There Are Specific Clinical Factors to Determine Stent Encrustation]
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Kidney Stones
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| N\A
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| University of California, Irvine 
|-
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>4</center>
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00288457?term=urologic+stent&rank=14 Ureteral Stent Length and Patient Symptoms]
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Kidney Stones
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Ureteral Stent
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Emory University 
|-
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>5</center>
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00166361?term=urologic+stent&rank=1 Drainage of Malignant Extrinsic Ureteral Obstruction Using the Memokath Ureteral Stent]
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Ureteral Obstruction
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|Memokath 051 Ureteral Stent
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Mayo Clinic Engineers & Doctors Wallsten Medical Group 
|-
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>6</center>
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00739284?term=urologic+stent&rank=15 A Prospective Comparison Between Ureteral Stent and Nephrostomy Tube for an Urgent Drainage of Obstructed Kidney (JJVsPCN08)]
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Kidney Disease
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Nephrostomy tube and ureteral stent
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Rabin Medical Center 
|}

== Concluded trials ==
{| {{table}}
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"|<center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No. '''</font></center>
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"|<center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Title'''</font></center>
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"|<center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Abstract'''</font></center>
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"|<center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Enrollment'''</font></center>
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"|<center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Disorder'''</font></center>
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"|<center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Conclusion'''</font></center>
|-
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|<center>1</center>
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Long-term outcome of permanent urethral stents in the treatment of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia || style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|To evaluate the long-term efficacy of a permanently implanted urethral stent in the treatment of spinally injured patients with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia.|| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|13|| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|Detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia|| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|Stenting is an effective alternative to sphincterotomy in the long-term, although secondary bladder neck obstruction is a frequent problem.
|-
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>2</center>
| Nephrostomy Tube or 'JJ' Ureteric Stent in Ureteric Obstruction: Assessment of Patient Perspectives Using Quality-of-Life Survey and Utility Analysis||Upper urinary tract obstruction is often relieved by either a percutaneous nephrostomy tube (PCN) or a ureteric stent. Both can cause considerable morbidity and reduce patient's health-related quality of life (QoL). We have compared the QoL in these 2 groups.||34||Upper urinary tract obstruction||Patients with 'JJ' stents have significantly more irritative urinary symptoms and a high chance of local discomfort than patients with nephrostomy tubes (PCN). However, based on the EuroQol analysis, there is no significant difference in the gross impact on the health-related QoL or the utility between these groups indicating no patient preference for either modality of treatment.
|-
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>3</center>
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Impact of stents on urological complications and health care expenditure in renal transplant recipients: results of a prospective, randomized clinical trial.|| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|A randomized, prospective trial to compare the incidence of early urological complications and health care expenditures in renal transplant recipients with or without ureteral stenting.|| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|201|| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|Renal transplant recipient|| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|Using a ureteral stent at renal transplantation significantly decreases the early urinary complications of urine leakage and obstruction. However, there is a significant increase in urinary tract infections, primarily beyond 30 days after transplantation. Stent removal within 4 weeks of insertion appears advisable.
|}



==Pre-Market Notification==

Some of the companies active in the field of ureteral stents have been represented in the table below. 

{| border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"|<center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No. '''</font></center>
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"|<center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company '''</font></center>
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Device '''</font></center>
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Approval '''</font></center>
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Date of Approval '''</font></center>
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Material '''</font></center>
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Technology '''</font></center>
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Indwelling Time (days) '''</font></center>
|-
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center>
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.bardurological.com/products/categoryTwo.aspx?bUnitID=3&catOneID=71 Bard Urological]</center>
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[[Image:InLay_Optima.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>InLay Optima</center>|[http://www.bardurological.com/products/loadProduct.aspx?bUnitID=3∏ID=225 <center>InLay Optima</center>]]]
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=16869 FDA 510(k)]</center>
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Dec 2004</center>
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Silicone
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Double pigtail with monofilament suture loop
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>365</center>
|-
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''2'''</center>
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.bostonscientific.com/Device.bsci/,,/method/DevHome/navRelId/1000.1003/seo.serve Boston Scientific]</center>
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| [[Image:Polaris_Loop.png|thumb|center|100px|[http://www.bostonscientific.com/urology-stone/product.html?method=product_detail∏uct_id=10122561#initialLoad1() <center>Polaris Loop</center>]]]
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=10929 FDA 510(k)]</center>
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Mar 2003</center>
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Dual Durometer Percuflex with HydroPlus Coating
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Bladder loop design
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>365</center>
|-
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''3'''</center>
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.cookmedical.com/uro/familyListingAction.do?family=Ureteral+Stents Cook Medical]</center>
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| [[Image:Resonance.png|thumb|center|100px|[http://www.cookmedical.com/uro/dataSheet.do?id=4418 <center>Resonance</center>]]]
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=23620 FDA 510(k)]</center>
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>May 2007</center>
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Metal
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Temporary stenting
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>365</center>
|-
| style="padding:0.079cm;" rowspan="2"| <center>'''4'''</center>
| style="padding:0.079cm;" rowspan="2"| <center>[http://www.fossamedical.com/news.htm Fossa Medical]</center>
| style="padding:0.079cm;" rowspan="2"| [[Image:Stone_Sweeper.png|thumb|center|100px|[http://dolcera.com/upload/files/stonesweeper_fossa_trial.pdf <center>Stone Sweeper</center>]]]
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.fossamedical.com/news.htm FDA 510(k)]</center>
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Aug 2002</center>
| style="padding:0.079cm;" rowspan="2"| Polyurethane
| style="padding:0.079cm;" rowspan="2"| Spiral radially expanding stent
| style="padding:0.079cm;" rowspan="2"| <center>13</center>
|-
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.fossamedical.com/news.htm CE Mark]</center>
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Sep 2005</center>

|-
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''5'''</center>
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.pnnmedical.com/urology/professionals/products/memokath™-051-ureter.aspx Pnn Medical A/S]</center>
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| [[Image:Memokath_051.png|thumb|center|100px|[http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=4&ved=0CC4QFjAD&url=http://www.hammer.pl/pliki/147_2.pdf&rct=j&q=memokath%20051&ei=MfhATezNIoaqvQP-_ZGtAw&usg=AFQjCNFR-ZFsu33rk6B9Flq1tCsYBZyXMw&cad=rja <center>Memokath 051</center>]]]
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.pnnmedical.com/about-pnn-medical/company-history.aspx CE Mark]</center>
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>1995</center>
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Nickel-titanium shape memory alloy
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Double fluted ended spiral stent
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>240</center>
|}

=Products=
[[Image:Pro.jpg|thumb|center|300px]]
The FDA classifies a ureteric stent as follows: 
* TITLE 21       - FOOD AND DRUGS
* CHAPTER I      - FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
* SUBCHAPTER H   - MEDICAL DEVICES
* PART 876       - GASTROENTEROLOGY-UROLOGY DEVICES
* Subpart E      - Surgical Devices
* Sec. 876.4620  - Ureteral stent. 
* Classification - class II device [http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/SCRIPTS/cdrh/cfdocs/cfCFR/CFR.cfm?fr=876.4620&Term=ureter%20stent Code of Federal Regulations]

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Sr. No.'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Device(s)'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Approval'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Approval Date'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Material'''
|bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Technology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Indwelling Time (days)'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Image'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|'''1'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.allium-medical.com/?categoryId=64772 Allium, Israel]</u></font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.allium-medical.com/?categoryId=64772 URS]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF">[http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-165990208.html CE Mark]</font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Jul, 2007
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Nickel-titanium shape memory alloy covered by polymer
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Self-expanding stent
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| 
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:656px-Allium.jpg|thumb|center|100px|<center>Allium</center>]]

|-
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|'''2'''
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|<font color="#0000FF">[http://www.pnnmedical.com/urology/professionals/products/memokath™-051-ureter.aspx Pnn Medical A/S]</font>
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|[http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=4&ved=0CC4QFjAD&url=http://www.hammer.pl/pliki/147_2.pdf&rct=j&q=memokath%20051&ei=MfhATezNIoaqvQP-_ZGtAw&usg=AFQjCNFR-ZFsu33rk6B9Flq1tCsYBZyXMw&cad=rja Memokath 051]
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF">[http://www.pnnmedical.com/about-pnn-medical/company-history.aspx CE Mark]</font>
|align = "center"|1995
|rowspan = "2"|Nickel-titanium shape memory alloy
|rowspan = "2"|Double fluted ended spiral stent
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|240
|rowspan = "2"|[[Image:Memokath_051.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Memokath 051</center>]]

|-
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zapconnect.com/products/index.cfm/fuseaction/products_display_detail/eregnum/8021561/owner_operator_number/8021561/product_code/FAD/8021561.html FDA Listing]</u></font>
|align = "center"|Mar, 2004
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "5"|'''3'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "5"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.fossamedical.com/news.htm Fossa Medical]</u></font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "2"|[http://dolcera.com/upload/files/stonesweeper_fossa_trial.pdf Stone Sweeper]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.fossamedical.com/news.htm CE Mark]</u></font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Sep, 2005
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "2"|Polyurethane
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "2"|Radially expanding stent
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "2"|13
|rowspan = "2" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Stone_Sweeper.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Stone Sweeper</center>]]

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.fossamedical.com/news.htm FDA 510(k)]</u></font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Aug, 2002

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "2"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/PMNSimple.cfm?db=PMN&ID=K033368 Open lumen stent]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/PMNSimple.cfm?db=PMN&ID=K033368 FDA 510(k)]</u></font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Nov, 2003
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "2"|Polyurethane
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "2"|Pigtail-tipped stent with <nowiki>’</nowiki>Pusher<nowiki>’</nowiki>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "2"| 
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "2"| [[Image:Open_Lumen.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Open_lumen</center>]]

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.fossamedical.com/news.htm CE Mark]</u></font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Sep, 2005
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/PMNSimple.cfm?db=PMN&ID=K021140 Expanding Ureteral Stent]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/PMNSimple.cfm?db=PMN&ID=K021140 FDA 510(k)]</u></font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Jun, 2002
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Polyurethane
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Double pigtail stent with <nowiki>’</nowiki>Pusher<nowiki>’</nowiki>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| 
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| N/A

|-
|align = "center" rowspan = "7"|'''4'''
|align = "center" rowspan = "7"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bostonscientific.com/Device.bsci/,,/method/DevHome/navRelId/1000.1003/seo.serve Boston Scientific]</u></font>
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>Contour</u></font>
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|Percuflex - proprietary polyolefin copolymer; Hydroplus coating
|Fixed and variable length; Tapered tip
|align = "center"|365
|align = "center" |[[Image:Contour.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Contour</center>]] 
|-
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>Percuflex</u></font>
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|
|align = "center"| Percuflex
|Pigtail
|align = "center"|365
|align = "center" |[[Image:Percuflex.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Percuflex</center>]] 
|-
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>Polaris Ultra</u></font>
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/PMNSimple.cfm?db=PMN&id=K010002 FDA 510(k)]</u></font>
|align = "center"|Jan, 2001
|Dual Durometer Percuflex with HydroPlus Coating; soft Nautilus Bladder Coil.
|Double pigtail
|align = "center"|365
|align = "center" |[[Image:Polaris_Ultra.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Polaris Ultra</center>]] 
|-
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>Polaris Loop</u></font>
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=10929 FDA 510(k)]</u></font>
|align = "center"|Mar, 2003
|Dual Durometer Percuflex with HydroPlus Coating
|Bladder loop design
|align = "center"|365
|align = "center" |[[Image:Polaris_Loop.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Polaris Loop</center>]] 
|-
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=4&ved=0CCkQFjAD&url=http://www.bostonscientific.com/templatedata/imports/Microsite/Stone-EU/collateral/stone-eu-percuflex-brochure-eng.pdf&rct=j&q=percuflex%20brochure&ei=bIE-Tb79HMnqrAf5-_HRCA&usg=AFQjCNEJ-JOc Retromax Plus]</u></font>
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|Percuflex material and Hydroplus coating
|Endopyelotomy stent
|align = "center"|Post-procedure healing
|align = "center" |[[Image:Retromax_plus.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Retromax Plus</center>]] 
|-
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=4&ved=0CCkQFjAD&url=http://www.bostonscientific.com/templatedata/imports/Microsite/Stone-EU/collateral/stone-eu-percuflex-brochure-eng.pdf&rct=j&q=percuflex%20brochure&ei=bIE-Tb79HMnqrAf5-_HRCA&usg=AFQjCNEJ-JOc Stretch VL Flexima]</u></font>
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|Hydroplus Coating
|Variable length coil on distal and proximal ends
|align = "center"|90
|align = "center" |[[Image:Stretch_VL_Flexima.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Stretch VL Flexima</center>]] 
|-
|align = "center"|[http://dolcera.com/upload/files/drug_eluting_ureteral_stent.pdf Drug-Eluting Stent]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|Percuflex - proprietary polyolefin copolymer
|Ketorolac trimethamine loaded stent
|align = "center"|
|align = "center"| N/A
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "6"|'''5'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "6"|<font color="#0000FF">[http://www.cookmedical.com/uro/familyListingAction.do?family=Ureteral+Stents Cook Medical]</font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cookmedical.com/uro/dataSheet.do?id=4418 Resonance]</u></font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=23620 FDA 510(k)]</u></font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|May, 2007
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Metal
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| 
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|365
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Resonance.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Resonance</center>]] 
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cookmedical.com/uro/dataSheet.do?id=2055 Sof-flex]</u></font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| 
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| 
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|AQ® Hydrophilic Coating
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Radiopaque tip and tether for repositioning 
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|180
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Sof_flex.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Sof-flex</center>]] 
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cookmedical.com/uro/dataSheet.do?id=3627 Endo-Sof]</u></font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| 
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| 
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|AQ® Hydrophilic Coating
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Double pigtail
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|365
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Endo_Sof.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Endo-Sof</center>]] 
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cookmedical.com/uro/dataSheet.do?id=3643 C-Flex]</u></font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| 
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| 
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| 
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Double Pigtail
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|180
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:C_Flex.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>C-Flex</center>]] 
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cookmedical.com/uro/dataSheet.do?id=4692 Smith Universal]</u></font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| 
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| 
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| 
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Nephrostomy tube <nowiki>+</nowiki> Ureteral stent
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|60
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Smith_Universal.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Smith Universal</center>]] 
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/90717.php Endo-Sof Radiance]</u></font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/90717.php Launch]</u></font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Dec, 2007
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Heparin-bonded stent
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| 
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| 
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|
|-
|align = "center"|'''6'''
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF">[http://qurological.com/product/ Q Urological]</font>
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://qurological.com/product/ pAguaMedicina™ Pediatric Ureteral Stent]</u></font>
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=29056 FDA 510(k)]</u></font>
|align = "center"|Jan, 2010
|Hydrogel
|Differentially larger end (no pigtail)
|align = "center"|30
|align = "center" |[[Image:pAguaMedicina.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>pAguaMedicina</center>]] 
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|'''7'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF">[http://www.bioteq.com.tw/en/products.php?kind=2&series=4 Bioteque Corp.]</font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Ureteral Stent Set
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bioteq.com.tw/en/news_detail.php?id=1&query_string= FDA 510(k) ]</u></font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Apr, 2010
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| 
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| 
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|30
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:bioteque.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Bioteque</center>]] 
|-
|align = "center" rowspan = "4"|'''8'''
|align = "center" rowspan = "4"|<font color="#0000FF">[http://www.appliedmed.com/products/product_card.aspx?section=professionals&proceGroupID=4&groupName=Urology&catID=37&Name=Ureteral+stents Applied Medical Resources, CA, USA]</font>
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=4353 Mesh]</u></font>
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=4353 FDA 510(k)]</u></font>
|align = "center"|Jul, 2001
|Polyester mesh
|Double-pigtail
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| N/A
|-
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.appliedmed.com/products/product_card.aspx?section=professionals&proceGroupID=4&groupName=Urology&catID=37&Name=Ureteral+stents Silhouette ]</u></font>
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|Coil-reinforced; SL-6® hydrophilic coating
|Patency Device
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center" |[[Image:silhouette.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Silhouette</center>]] 
|-
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.appliedmed.com/products/product_card.aspx?section=professionals&proceGroupID=4&groupName=Urology&catID=37&Name=Ureteral+stents Applied Standard]</u></font>
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=124645 FDA 510(k)]</u></font>
|align = "center"|Jun, 1999
|Proprietary thermoplastic elastomer material; SL-6® hydrophilic coating
|Unique wall construction and enlarged drainage holes 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center" |[[Image:Applied_Std1.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Applied Standard</center>]] 
|-
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.appliedmed.com/products/product_card.aspx?section=professionals&proceGroupID=4&groupName=Urology&catID=37&Name=Ureteral+stents 7-10 endopyelotomy]</u></font>
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|Proprietary thermoplastic elastomer material; SL-6® hydrophilic coating
|Dual Diameter stent
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center" |[[Image:Applied_7_10.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Endopyelotomy Stent</center>]] 
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "6"|'''9'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "6"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bardurological.com/products/categoryTwo.aspx?bUnitID=3&catOneID=71 Bard Urological]</u></font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bardurological.com/products/loadProduct.aspx?bUnitID=3&prodID=225 InLay Optima]</u></font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=16869 FDA 510(k)]</u></font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Dec, 2004
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Silicone
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Double pigtail with monofilament suture loop
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|365
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:InLay_Optima.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>InLay Optima</center>]] 
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bardurological.com/products/loadProduct.aspx?bUnitID=3&prodID=227 Bardex® Double Pigtail Soft Stent]</u></font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=8912 FDA 510(k)]</u></font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Jan, 2003
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Silicone
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Attached with suture for ease of removal
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| 
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Bardex.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Bardex</center>]]
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bardurological.com/products/loadProduct.aspx?bUnitID=3&prodID=228 Fluoro-4 Silicone Ureteral Stent]</u></font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| 
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| 
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Silicone/tantalum
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| 
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| 
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Fluoro_4.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Fluoro 4</center>]]
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bardurological.com/products/loadProduct.aspx?bUnitID=3&prodID=230 Figure-4 Silicone Ureteral Stent]</u></font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| 
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| 
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Silicone
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Three dimensional design
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| 
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Figure_4.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Figure 4</center>]]
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bardurological.com/products/loadProduct.aspx?bUnitID=3&prodID=226 InLay Ureteral Stent]</u></font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=122796 FDA 510(k)]</u></font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Dec, 1998
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Silicone
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Tapered tip and lubricious hydrophilic coating 
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| 
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:InLay.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>InLay</center>]]
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bardurological.com/products/loadProduct.aspx?bUnitID=3&prodID=229 Urinary Diversion Stent]</u></font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=86128 FDA 510(k)]</u></font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Apr, 1991
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Silicone
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| 
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| 
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Urinary_Diversion_Stent.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Urinary Diversion Stent</center>]]
|-
|align = "center" rowspan = "4"|'''10'''
|align = "center" rowspan = "4"|<font color="#0000FF">[http://www.coloplast.com/Pages/home.aspx Coloplast-Porges]</font>
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.porges.ru/catalog.html?cid=251 Vortek]</u></font>
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=121312 FDA 510(k)]</u></font>
|align = "center"|Oct, 1998
|Silicone
|Double coating for easy maneuverability as well as flexibility
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|[[Image:Vortek.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Vortek</center>]]
|-
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.porges.ru/catalog.html?cid=248 Biosoft]</u></font>
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=121312 FDA 510(k)]</u></font>
|align = "center"|Oct, 1998
|Silicone
|Extreme flexibility
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|[[Image:Biosoft.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Biosoft</center>]]
|-
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.porges.ru/catalog.html?cid=249 Polyurethane]</u></font>
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|Hard or soft Polyurethane
|Designed for short-term use
|align = "center"| 90
|align = "center"|[[Image:Polyurethane1.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Polyurethane</center>]]
|-
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.porges.ru/catalog.html?cid=250 Silicone]</u></font>
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=6586 FDA 510k)]</u></font>
|align = "center"|Oct, 2002
|Silicone
|''Pyatiprofilnaya'' technology 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|[[Image:Silicone1.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Silicone</center>]]
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|'''11'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF">[http://www.teleflex.com/en/emea/productAreas/urology/index.html Teleflex Medical]</font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=3&ved=0CCQQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.myrusch.com%2Fimages%2Frusch%2Fdocs%2FU62C.pdf&rct=j&q=DD%2Bureteral%2Bstent&ei=CcY-TeDWHcrirAfyr4naCA&usg=AFQjCNHSSc9r_DBwotSa_oszWLYMPRuoYg&cad=rja Rüsch Superglide DD]</u></font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=122381 FDA 510(k)]</u></font>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Jul, 1999
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| WIRUTHAN® (polyurethane) with hydrogel coating
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| Directable and detachable
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| 
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Superglide_DD.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Superglide DD</center>]]
|-
|align = "center" rowspan = "9"|'''12'''
|align = "center" rowspan = "9"|<font color="#0000FF">[http://www.gyrusacmi.com/user/display.cfm?display=cat_menu&maincat=Stone%20Management&catid=122 Gyrus ACMI/Cabot/Acromed/Circon/Surgitek]</font>
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gyrusacmi.com/user/display.cfm?display=product&pid=9257&catid=122&maincat=Stone%20Management&catname=Stents Classic closed-tip]</u></font>
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=68160 FDA 510(k)]</u></font>
|align = "center"|Dec, 1986
| 
|Classic Closed Tip
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|[[Image:Gyrus_Closed_Tip.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Classic Closed Tip</center>]]
|-
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gyrusacmi.com/user/display.cfm?display=product&pid=9252&catid=122&maincat=Stone%20Management&catname=Stents Classic Double pigtail]</u></font>
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=111987 FDA 510(k)]</u></font>
|align = "center"|Mar, 1996
|Tecoflex® construction
|Balanced-curled double pigtail design
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|[[Image:Gyrus_Pigtail.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Double Pigtail</center>]]
|-
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gyrusacmi.com/user/display.cfm?display=product&pid=9256&catid=122&maincat=Stone%20Management&catname=Stents Double-J]</u></font>
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=74392 FDA 510(k)]</u></font>
|align = "center"|Apr, 1988
|Silicone
|Double-J closed-tip 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|[[Image:Gyrus_Double_J.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Double_J</center>]]
|-
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gyrusacmi.com/user/display.cfm?display=product&pid=9254&catid=122&maincat=Stone%20Management&catname=Stents Lithostent]</u></font>
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|Tecoflex® 
|Grooved design
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|[[Image:Lithostent.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Lithostent</center>]]
|-
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gyrusacmi.com/user/display.cfm?display=product&pid=9253&catid=122&maincat=Stone%20Management&catname=Stents Lubri-flex]</u></font>
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=91169 FDA 510(k)]</u></font>
|align = "center"|Nov, 1991
|Tecoflex®
|“Rememberance” of shape with a chemically bonded wettable solution 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|[[Image:Lubri_Flex.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Lubri-flex</center>]]
|-
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gyrusacmi.com/user/display.cfm?display=product&pid=9250&catid=122&maincat=Stone%20Management&catname=Stents Multi-flex]</u></font>
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|Tecoflex®
|Two durometers with helical kidney curls
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|[[Image:Multi_Flex.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Multi-flex</center>]]
|-
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gyrusacmi.com/user/display.cfm?display=product&pid=9255&catid=122&maincat=Stone%20Management&catname=Stents Quadra-Coil multi-length]</u></font>
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=107077 FDA 510(k)]</u></font>
|align = "center"|Mar, 1996
|Tecoflex®
|Accomodate ureteral lengths from 22cm to 28cm
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|[[Image:Quadra_Coil.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Quadra-Coil</center>]]
|-
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gyrusacmi.com/user/display.cfm?display=product&pid=9249&catid=122&maincat=Stone%20Management&catname=Stents Sof-curl]</u></font>
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|Tecoflex®
|Dual-durometer design and exclusive soft bladder helix 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|[[Image:Sof_curl.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Sof-curl</center>]]
|-
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gyrusacmi.com/user/display.cfm?display=product&pid=9258&catid=122&maincat=Stone%20Management&catname=Stents Uroguide]</u></font>
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|Silicone
|Classic Double J with open tip
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|[[Image:Uroguide.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Uroguide</center>]]
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|'''13'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.amecath.com/ Ameco Medical Industries]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.amecath.com/ Amecath]
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| 
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| 
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Nitinol; Available with hydrophilic coating
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Double loop stent
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Short-term and long-term
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Amecath.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Amecath</center>]]
|-
|align = "center"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|[http://www.zapconnect.com/companies/index.cfm/fuseaction/companies_detail/eregnum/9681442.html Angiomed-Movaco (C.R. Bard subsidiary)]
|align = "center"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/devicesatfda/index.cfm?db=pmn&id=K864225 Ureteral Stent Set]
|align = "center"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/devicesatfda/index.cfm?db=pmn&id=K864225 FDA 510(k)]
|align = "center"|Jan, 1987
|Nitinol
|Self-expanding stent
| 
|align = "center"|N/A
|-
|}

= Product to Clinical Trial Mapping=
[[Image:ProCnt.png|thumb|center|300px]]
==Clinical Timeline Visualization ==
[[Image:Timeline.jpg]]

[[Media:Ureteral_Stents_Timeline dw.xls|Ureteral Stent Timeline]]

= Product to Patent Mapping =
[[Image:PatPro.jpg|thumb|center|300px]]
[[Image:Product_Patent_Mapping_Screen_Shot.png|1000px|centre|thumb|'''Screenshot for the product to patent mapping(Bard and Boston)''']]
* Click [[Media:Product_Patent_Mapping_Bard_Boston.xls|'''Products from Boston Scientific and C R Bard ''']]to download the excel file.
== Mapped Patent vs Not Mapped Patents ==
{|border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|[[Image:CRB_Pat.png|center|500px|thumb|'''C R Bard''']]
|[[Image:BS_pat.png.png|center|500px|thumb|'''Boston Scientific''']]
|-
|}

=Patent-Product-Clinical Trial Mapping=
[[Image:PatProCnt.jpg|thumb|center|300px]]
* To access the Dashboard you have to signup. You can do so by clicking [https://www.dolcera.com/auth/index.php/login '''here''']
*''Use the mouse(click and drag/scroll up or down/click on nodes) to explore nodes in the detailed taxonomy''
*''Click on the red arrow adjacent to the node name to view the content for that particular node in the dashboard'' 
*''Click on the "+" sign to zoom the mindmap and "-" sign to shrink the mindmap''
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"

|<mm>[[ureteral_stent_mapping1.mm|flash|Ureteral Stent mindmap|600pt]]</mm>

|}

=Insights=

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font size = "4">''' '''</font>
|bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font size = "4">''' '''</font>
|bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font size = "4">'''Boston Scientific'''</font>
|bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font size = "4">'''C R BARD'''</font>
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5" rowspan = "4"|'''Products'''
|'''Portfolio'''
|8 Products
|6 Products
|-
|'''Material'''
|Percuflex - Biocompatible Polymer
|Silicone
|-
|'''Coating'''
|Hydroplus
|Licensed from pHreecoat
|-
|'''Shape'''
|Pigtailed and More
|Figure 4 and more
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|'''Clinical <br>Trials'''
|'''Current Trials'''
|Truimph Ureteral stent - Loaded with Triclosan <br>Currently in Phase II (Canada)
|None
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5" rowspan = "3"|'''Patents'''
|'''Coating'''
|Therapeutic / Medicinal coatings <br>Magnetic nano particles for MRI Imaging <br>Lubricious coatings helping easy insertion
|Therapeutic coatings
|-
|'''Structure'''
|Multiple channels filled with therapeutic agent<br>Multiple collapsible segments preventing fluid passing<br>Renal coil with wick to prevent reflux <br>Stent with beads on its surface <br>Stent with reservoir indicating its release <br>with change in color of urine<br>Expandable and collapsible stent<br>Stents with degradable barbs
|Expandable stents for reducing  discomfort
|-
|'''Material'''
|Elastically deformable stents<br>Biodegradable polymer based stents<br>Porous polymer for long term implantation<br>Stent with variable hardness
|Biodegradable polymers<br>Shape memory alloys<br>General polymer based
|-
|}


== Inference ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="82%"
|bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font size = "4">'''Boston Scientific'''</font>
|bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font size = "4">'''C R BARD'''</font>
|-
|Relatively late entrant with patents filed post mid 90s
|Early mover with patents filed in mid 80s
|-
|Increased patent activity since 2000
|Patent activity never gained traction
|-
|Large number of patents yet to be "productized"
|Few patents yet to be "productized"
|-
|Some products undergoing clinical trails
|No products undergoing clinical trails
|-
|Diverse range of products with variation in material <br>and structure
|Small product portfolio
|-
|Seem to be strengthening they market position
|Seem to be moving focus away from Ureteral stents market
|-
|}

= Competitive Landscape =
==Major Players==
*Boston Scientific Limited, Abbott, Medtronic and Cook Inc. are the major players in ureteral stent research field. 
[[Image:Major playersnew.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Major Players]]

==IP Activity==
*Patenting activity has been high growth rate during the period 2001 to 2005 with a peak no. of patents in year 2005, followed by saturation during the period 2006 to 2008 and after that a gradual declination upto year 2010 in the ureteral stent research area.
[[Image:IPactivity3.png|thumb|center|1000px| IP activity over the years]]

==Sales ==

Total Sales in 2010 - 4.04 Billion USD

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Company'''
|bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Total Sales in 2010'''
|bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Urological sales'''
|bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Percentage share'''
|bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Product portfolio'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Boston Scientific'''
|7800
|661
|8.48
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bostonscientific.com/templatedata/imports/Microsite/Stone/collateral/Percuflex-Brochure.pdf Boston_portfolio]</u></font>
|-
|bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''CR BARD'''
|2700
|702
|26.00
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://dolcera.net/teamwiki_prod/index.php/BARD_portfolio BARD_portfolio]</u></font>
|-
|bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Cook Medical'''
|1700
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cookmedical.com/uro/familyListingAction.do?family=Ureteral+Stents Cook_portfolio]</u></font>
|-
|bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Medline'''
|4040
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.medline.com/irj/catalog/search?initialSearchTerms=ureteral%20stent Medline_portfolio]</u></font>
|-
|}


[[image:stentshare.jpg |thumb|center|1000px| All figures in USD million ]]

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